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Urban Heat Islands (UHIs) are a microclimatic phenomenon which manifests as a significant increase in the temperature of cities compared to their surrounding areas. Recently the phenomenon has been enforced by the tendency to climate change and in particular by extreme climate events. This book presents and analyzes the results of a project to develop and apply mitigation and adaptation strategies and measures for counteracting the global urban heat islands phenomenon, supported by the EU’s Central Europe Regional Development Fund. Pilot studies were carried out in eight metropolitan areas: Bologna/Modena, Budapest, Ljubljana, Lodz, Prague, Stuttgart, Venice/Padua, and Vienna. The project involved feasibility studies and strategies for appropriately altering planning rules and governance to tackle the problem of UHIs, and focused on the specific morphology of EU urban areas, which are often characterized by the presence of historical old towns. The first part of the book is devoted to evidence, measures and tools, including tools to facilitate UHI analysis and decision support systems. The second part explores measures for counteracting urban heat islands, including specific analysis of the case studies and offering solutions for European cities. The volume includes supplemental materials such as references, glossaries and keyword lists. The UHI management plans developed here can be integrated into national and regional sustainable development approaches for urban and land planning. They can also contribute to the application of innovative urban planning techniques that foster a new “climate proof” planning approach in European cities. UHI project has been implemented through the CENTRAL EUROPE Programme co-financed by the ERDF.
Environment. --- Climate change. --- Remote sensing. --- Physics. --- Climate Change. --- Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry. --- Energy Efficiency. --- Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts. --- Applied and Technical Physics. --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Remote-sensing imagery --- Remote sensing systems --- Remote terrain sensing --- Sensing, Remote --- Terrain sensing, Remote --- Changes, Climatic --- Climate change --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic changes --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Environmental aspects --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Aerial photogrammetry --- Aerospace telemetry --- Detectors --- Space optics --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Climatic changes. --- Changes in climate --- Climate change science --- Energy efficiency. --- Consumption of energy --- Energy efficiency --- Fuel consumption --- Fuel efficiency --- Power resources --- Energy conservation --- Global environmental change --- Climate Change --- Energy Efficiency --- Remote Sensing --- Photogrammetry --- Physics
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Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of proteolytic zinc-containing enzymes involved in physiological as well as in pathological processes in the human organism. MMPs play a key role in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Such a process may occur because of tissue homeostasis, morphogenesis, and tissue repair. However, remodeling could also be a part of many pathological states such as arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, or impaired development in congenital anomalies. This book overviews the role of MMPs in different pathologies affecting the human body.
Metalloproteinases. --- Metalloproteases --- Metalloenzymes --- Proteinase --- Life Sciences --- Human Genetics --- Molecular Genetics --- Genetics and Molecular Biology --- Biochemistry
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Biomaterials are often designed to act as scaffolds, i.e., 3D porous templates that support and stimulate the growth of healthy tissue and then safely dissolve once they have performed their functions. This book provides a picture of the current state of the art in the field of scaffolds for tissue engineering, highlighting the potential associated to the latest scientific and technological advancements. The former part of the book focuses on the repair of ""hard"" tissues (primarily bone) by means of bioceramic/glass scaffolds, and the latter deals with the applications of polymeric scaffolds for regenerating ""soft"" tissues and structures including the peripheral nerve, heart, gastric mucosa and pancreas. Special emphasis is given to the challenges associated to scaffold manufacturing, biomimetic properties and cell-scaffold interactions.
Tissue engineering. --- Biomedical engineering --- Regenerative medicine --- Tissue culture --- Physical Sciences --- Engineering and Technology --- Materials Science --- Biomaterials --- Tissue Engineering
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European Commission Decisions on Competition provides a comprehensive economic classification and analysis of all European Commission decisions adopted pursuant to Articles 101, 102 and 106 of the FEU Treaty from 1962 to 2009. It also includes a sample of landmark European merger cases. The decisions are organised according to the principal economic theory applied in the case. For each economic category, the seminal Commission decision that became a reference point for that type of anticompetitive behaviour is described. For this, a fixed template format is used throughout the book. All subsequent decisions in which the same economic principle was applied are listed chronologically. It complements the most widely used textbooks in industrial organisation, competition economics and competition law, to which detailed references are offered. The book contains source material for teachers and students, scholars of competition law and economics, as well as practising competition lawyers and officials.
Economic policy and planning (general) --- Antitrust law --- Consolidation and merger of corporations --- Cases --- Law and legislation --- EEC / European Union - EU -Europese Unie - Union Européenne - UE --- 334.154.33 --- 338.53 --- 347.733 --- Acquisition of corporations --- Acquisitions and mergers --- Amalgamation of corporations --- Business combinations --- Business mergers --- Buyouts, Corporate --- Corporate acquisitions --- Corporate buyouts --- Corporate mergers --- Corporate takeovers --- Corporations --- Fusion of corporations --- Hostile takeovers of corporations --- M & A (Mergers and acquisitions of corporations) --- Merger of corporations --- Mergers and acquisitions of corporations --- Mergers, Corporate --- Takeovers, Corporate --- Corporate reorganizations --- Golden parachutes (Executive compensation) --- Industrial concentration --- Trusts, Industrial --- Anti-trust law --- Competition --- Competition law --- Commercial law --- Trade regulation --- Mededinging, concurrentie en concentratie in de Europese Gemeenschappen. --- Controle op de afspraken, kartels, monopolies en trusts. Controleinstellingen. --- Trusts en monopolies : wetgeving. --- Cases. --- Consolidation --- Mergers --- Law --- European Commission. --- European Communities. Commission --- Commission of the European Communities --- Europese Gemeenschappen. Commissie --- Europese Unie: economisch beleid --- -Consolidation and merger of corporations --- -343.0721094 --- Electronic information resources --- -Electronic information resources --- Electronic information resources. --- E-books --- Europese Unie: economisch beleid. --- Mededinging, concurrentie en concentratie in de Europese Gemeenschappen --- Controle op de afspraken, kartels, monopolies en trusts. Controleinstellingen --- Trusts en monopolies : wetgeving --- Business, Economy and Management --- Economics --- Antitrust law - European Union countries - Cases --- Consolidation and merger of corporations - Law and legislation - European Union countries - Cases --- EC --- Europese Commissie --- Commission européenne
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The Cratylus, one of Plato's most difficult and intriguing dialogues, explores the relations between a name and the thing it names. The questions that arise lead the characters to face a number of major issues: truth and falsehood, relativism, etymology, the possibility of a perfect language, the relation between the investigation of names and that of reality, the Heraclitean flux theory and the Theory of Forms. This full-scale commentary on the Cratylus offers a definitive interpretation of the dialogue. It contains translations of the passages discussed and a line-by-line analysis which deals with textual matters and unravels Plato's dense and subtle arguments, reaching a novel interpretation of some of the dialogue's main themes as well as of many individual passages. The book is intended primarily for graduate students and scholars, both philosophers and classicists, but presupposes no previous acquaintance with the subject and is accessible to undergraduates.
Plato --- Language and languages --- Langage et langues --- Philosophy. --- Philosophie --- Plato. --- Philosophy --- Greek literature --- Language and languages / Philosophy. --- Plat. Cratylus. --- Plato phil. TLG 0059. --- Plato, --- Plato / Cratylus. --- Arts and Humanities --- History --- Language and languages - Philosophy --- Plato. - Cratylus
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Francesco Casetti believes new media technologies are producing an exciting new era in cinema aesthetics. Whether we experience film in the theater, on our hand-held devices, in galleries and museums, onboard and in flight, or up in the clouds in the bits we download, cinema continues to alter our habits and excite our imaginations. Casetti travels from the remote corners of film history and theory to the most surprising sites on the internet and in our cities to prove the ongoing relevance of cinema. He does away with traditional notions of canon, repetition, apparatus, and spectatorship in favor of new keywords, including expansion, relocation, assemblage, and performance. The result is an innovative understanding of cinema's place in our lives and culture, along with a critical sea-change in the study of the art. The more the nature of cinema transforms, the more it discovers its own identity, and Casetti helps readers realize the galaxy of possibilities embedded in the medium.
Film --- Motion pictures. --- Digital media --- Cinéma --- Médias numériques --- Influence. --- Influence --- Cinéma --- Médias numériques --- Electronic media --- New media (Digital media) --- Mass media --- Digital communications --- Online journalism --- Cinema --- Feature films --- Films --- Movies --- Moving-pictures --- Audio-visual materials --- Performing arts --- History and criticism
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While the highly technical measurement techniques and methodologies of Value at Risk have attracted huge interest, much less attention has been focused on how Value at Risk and the risk-adjusted performance measures such as RAROC or economic profit/EVA„· can be effectively used to improve a bank¡¦s decision making processes. Academic books are typically concerned primarily with measurement techniques, and devote only a small section to describing the applications, usually without discussing the problems that changing organizational processes in banks may have on business units¡¦ behaviour. Practitioners¡¦ books are often based on a single experience, presenting the approach that has been pursued by a single bank, but often do not adequately evaluate that approach. In actual practice, the choice of how to use Value at Risk and risk-adjusted performance measures has no single optimal solution, but requires effective decision making that can identify the solution that is consistent with the bank¡¦s style of management and coordination mechanisms, and often with characteristics of individual business units as well. In this book, Francesco Saita of Bocconi University argues that even though risk measurement techniques have greatly improved in recent years for market, credit and now also operational risk, capital management and capital allocation decisions are far from becoming purely technical and mechanical. On one hand, decisions about capital management must consider handling different capital constraints (e.g. regulatory vs. economic capital ) and face remarkable difficulties in providing a measure of ¡§aggregated¡¨ Value at Risk (i.e. a measure that considers the overall value at risk of the bank after diversification across risk types). On the other hand, the aim of using capital more efficiently through capital allocation cannot be achieved only through a sort of centralized asset allocation process, but rather by designing a Value at Risk limit system and a risk-adjusted performance measurement system that are designed to provide the right incentives to individual business units. This connection between sophisticated and cutting edge risk measurement techniques and practical bank decision making about capital management and capital allocation make this book unique and provide readers with a depth of academic and theoretical expertise combined with practical and real-world understanding of bank structure, organizational constraints, and dec...
Private finance --- Bank capital. --- Banks and banking --- Risk management. --- Agricultural banks --- Banking --- Banking industry --- Commercial banks --- Depository institutions --- Finance --- Financial institutions --- Money --- Capital
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The approach taken in the volume is based on a very simple division of the works, from detached houses and housing projects to new public spaces and major urban projects, all of which share one marked feature in the continual almost obsessive relationship between the overall design of the space and that of the parts, united in a constant attention to detail and a close control of construction. The projects are accompanied by texts of Joao Alvaro Rocha himself, while the book concludes with interesting critical contributions. The works collected in this volume, designed and partly built, between 1988 and 2001, tell of a lesson about modernity that has been assimilated and consolidated of a mature relationship with the most advanced international experiences in modern architecture and at the same time of a reflection on a contemporary situation that has been shaped by the examples of the local masters - Tavora, Siza and Souto de Mora.
Architecture, Portuguese. --- Architecture --- Architecture portugaise --- History --- Histoire --- Rocha, João Alvaro, --- Rocha, Joao Alvaro --- Joao Alvaro Rocha --- architectuur 20e eeuw --- architectuur 21e eeuw --- architecten --- 72.071 --- buitenlandse architecten --- Rocha, João Alvaro, --- Alvaro Rocha, João,
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The Poverty of Clio challenges the hold that cliometrics - an approach to economic history that employs the analytical tools of economists - has exerted on the study of our economic past. In this provocative book, Francesco Boldizzoni calls for the reconstruction of economic history, one in which history and the social sciences are brought to bear on economics, and not the other way around.Boldizzoni questions the appeal of economics over history - which he identifies as a distinctly American attitude - exposing its errors and hidden ideologies, and revealing how it fails to explain economic behavior itself. He shows how the misguided reliance on economic reasoning to interpret history has come at the expense of insights from the humanities and has led to a rejection of valuable past historical research. Developing a better alternative to new institutional economics and the rational choice approach, Boldizzoni builds on the extraordinary accomplishments of twentieth-century European historians and social thinkers to offer fresh ideas for the renewal of the field.Economic history needs to rediscover the true relationship between economy and culture, and promote an authentic alliance with the social sciences, starting with sociology and anthropology. It must resume its dialogue with the humanities, but without shrinking away from theory when constructing its models. The Poverty of Clio demonstrates why history must exert its own creative power on economics.
Economics --- Economie politique --- Research --- Methodology. --- History. --- Recherche --- Méthodologie --- Histoire --- Methodology --- History --- Économie politique --- AA / International- internationaal --- 331.100 --- Economische geschiedenis: algemeenheden. --- Economics - History. --- Economics - Research - Methodology. --- Economics --History. --- Economics --Research --Methodology. --- Business & Economics --- Economic Theory --- Méthodologie --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man --- Research&delete& --- E-books --- Economische geschiedenis: algemeenheden --- Histoire. --- Méthodologie. --- Douglass North. --- Karl Polanyi. --- Moses Finley. --- Witold Kula. --- cliometrics. --- cultural history. --- culture. --- economic history. --- economic reasoning. --- economic system. --- economic theory. --- economy. --- individualism. --- institutional approach. --- intellectual crisis. --- materialism. --- medieval economics. --- neoclassical economics. --- neoclassical microeconomics. --- neoliberal economics. --- past generations. --- policy recommendations. --- social history. --- social science history. --- social science. --- universality. --- worldviews. --- Economics - Research - Methodology --- Economics - History --- Économie politique --- Méthodologie.
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This book proposes intriguing arguments that will enable students to achieve a deeper understanding of electromagnetism, while also presenting a number of classical methods for solving difficult problems. Two chapters are devoted to relativistic electrodynamics, covering all aspects needed for a full comprehension of the nature of electric and magnetic fields and, subsequently, electrodynamics. Each of the two final chapters examines a selected experimental issue, introducing students to the work involved in actually proving a law or theory. Classical books on electricity and magnetism are mentioned in many references, helping to familiarize students with books that they will encounter in their further studies. Various problems are presented, together with their worked-out solutions. The book is based on notes from special lectures delivered by the author to students during the second year of a BSc course in Physics, but the subject matter may also be of interest to senior physicists, as many of the themes covered are completely ignored or touched only briefly in standard textbooks.
Physics. --- Optics. --- Electrodynamics. --- Electronic circuits. --- Microwaves. --- Optical engineering. --- Optics and Electrodynamics. --- Mathematical Methods in Physics. --- Microwaves, RF and Optical Engineering. --- Electronic Circuits and Devices. --- Electron-tube circuits --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Hertzian waves --- Mathematical physics. --- Classical Electrodynamics. --- Electric waves --- Electromagnetic waves --- Geomagnetic micropulsations --- Radio waves --- Shortwave radio --- Physical mathematics --- Physics --- Mathematics --- Microwave technology. --- Dynamics --- Electric circuits --- Electron tubes --- Electronics --- Mechanical engineering --- Physical sciences --- Light
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